The Turkic Languages and Peoples, An Introduction to Turkic Studies - Ural-altaische Bibliothek

08.06.13 | yabgu

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<b>The Turkic Languages and Peoples, An Introduction to Turkic Studies - Ural-altaische Bibliothek (Том 15)</b>
Author: Karl H. Menges
Publisher: Harrassowitz
Publication date: 1968
Number of pages: XXXII + 248 + 5 harita
Format / Quality: PDF
Size: 23,74 Mb
Language: English

Цитата:
Karl H. Menges wrote THE TURKIC LANGUAGES AND PEOPLES: An Introduction to Turkic Studies in 1962, drawing on his long experience in the field. It was finally published in 1968 and long served as the only substantial overview of the Turkic languages. Menges begins with a history of the Turkic migrations, tracking how this once marginal people swept over large portions of Europe and Asia. He then describes the branches of the Turkic language family, their phonology and morphology, and how the evolved from Proto-Turkic. There are also chapters on the myriad writing systems used by the Turkic peoples, and the lexical compositions of the Turkic languages.

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Unfortunately, the work suffers from a number of drawbacks and proves a very frustrating introduction. Even though English had already had a standard nomenclature for the Turkic languages and peoples by the beginning of the 1960s, Menges uses an idiosyncratic system with e.g. "Tavas" (plus a host of diacritics) for "Chuvash" and U-j-gamma-u-r for "Uighur". Coupled with the unideal typesetting that tries to jam as much as possible onto the page, the result as a whole is unpleasant to read. Another drawback is Menges' insistence on a genetic relationship between the "Altaic" languages, which was in vogue half a century ago but is now increasingly untenable. His suggestion that these Altaic languages are in turn related to the Uralic languages will meet disagreement for nearly all Uralicists.

Menges' book is useful to those with some prior acquaintance with the Turkic language family, especially for its abundant data on Turkic words in Chinese sources. However, a better first book on this language family is Routledge's The Turkic Languages, which thankfully is now out in paperback. Would that some bright young Turkicist take up Menges work for revision.
Цитата:
T&#252;rk halklar&#305; ve dilleri &#252;zerine giri&#351; niteli&#287;i ta&#351;&#305;yan &#231;al&#305;&#351;ma, 1962'de sipari&#351; edilmi&#351;, 1964'te tamamlanm&#305;&#351;, 1968'de de bas&#305;lm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Elimizdeki bask&#305;s&#305; ise g&#246;zden ge&#231;irilmi&#351; ikinci bask&#305;. &#304;lk bask&#305;n&#305;n tan&#305;t&#305;m&#305;n&#305; kimi d&#252;zelti &#246;nerileriyle birlikte 1972'de T. Tekin yapm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r (Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, 39 (1972): 351-365). Ben burada sadece ikinci bask&#305;n&#305;n
farkla&#305;made&#287;inmekleyetinece&#287;im.
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Ger&#231;ekte kitap, yeniden dizilip geni&#351;letilmemi&#351;, tersine yeni bask&#305;n&#305;n
ba&#351;&#305;na yazar&#305;n eklemeleri ve d&#252;zeltileri girmi&#351;. 1-248. sayfalar aras&#305;nda
kalan k&#305;s&#305;m &#246;nceki bask&#305;n&#305;n t&#305;pk&#305;bas&#305;m&#305; niteli&#287;inde. Yazar, yay&#305;nevi
kendisine kitab&#305;n&#305;n t&#305;pk&#305;&#231;ekimli yeni bir bask&#305;s&#305;n&#305; &#246;nerdi&#287;inde, T&#252;rkolojinin
son 20-30,y&#305;ll&#305;k bir d&#246;nemini, geli&#351;meleri g&#246;z&#246;n&#252;nde bulundurarak ilk &#246;nce
bu bask&#305;ya yana&#351;mak istememi&#351;, ancak geni&#351;letilmi&#351; yeni bir bask&#305;n&#305;n da
zaman alacak .olmas&#305;ndan dolay&#305; 112 maddelik (15 sayfa) eklemeyle
yetinmi&#351;. Bu .eklemelerde ilgili maddelee ait de&#287;i&#351;en g&#246;r&#252;&#351;lerine, yeni
kaynaklara yer vermi&#351;. Eski kaynaklar aras&#305;nda ise T&#252;rk&#231;e yay&#305;nlar&#305;n oranca
azl&#305;&#287;&#305; yeni eklemeler b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;nde ise hi&#231; olmay&#305;&#351;&#305; dikkat &#231;ekiyor. Birba&#351;ka
eksiklik de genel ba&#351;vuru kaynaklar&#305;na yeni bir ek olarak Fundamenta
verilirken (s. xxi, § 55), Handbuch der Orientalistik, F&#252;nfter Band, Erster
Abschnitt, Turkologie (1. bask&#305; 1963, geni&#351;letilmi&#351; 2. bask&#305; 1982), &#246;teki
eksik &#246;nemli temel (yeni) kaynaklar aras&#305;nda s&#305;ras&#305;yla A Grammar of
Orkhon Turkic, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century
Turkish, Compendium ofthe Turkic Dialects, Old Turkic Word Formation
adl&#305; kitaplar&#305; sayabiliriz.
Yazar, yeni bask&#305;n&#305;n &#246;ns&#246;z b&#246;l&#252;m&#252;nde, &#246;zellikle R. A. Miller'&#305;n Japonca
ve &#214;teki Altay Dilleri ba&#351;l&#305;kl&#305; &#231;al&#305;&#351;mas&#305;yla yeni bir a&#231;&#305; kazanan Altay dilleri
kuram&#305;na, konusuna de&#287;iniyor. 1990'l&#305; y&#305;llarda ba&#351;layan, &#246;zellikle de eski
SSCB s&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; i&#231;erisinde halen T&#252;rk halklar&#305;n&#305;, dillerini yak&#305;ndan ilgilen-
diren politik de&#287;i&#351;imlere de&#287;inir.
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